This guide explains how musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) develop over time due to a combination of ergonomic and individual risk factors such as high task repetition, forceful exertions, awkward postures, poor work practices, and inadequate recovery. It emphasizes that MSDs are common, costly, and largely preventable through a prevention-focused strategy. The document outlines a systematic approach combining industrial ergonomics and industrial athletic training to reduce risk factors, detect early signs of fatigue, and build a long-term injury prevention culture that improves productivity, employee well-being, and operational performance.

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