Buildings use ~30% of global energy and cause ~27% of energy-sector emissions, with ~80% of 2050 stock already built—so improving existing assets is key. The business case: resilience, ~10% rent premiums, ~14% lower OpEx, better tenant retention, and up to +26% productivity. A five-step Net Zero roadmap: (1) Monitor—digitise and use always-on analytics to prevent energy drift (10–30% efficiency loss in 1–2 years); (2) Optimise—HVAC, setpoints, schedules, sensors; (3) Upgrade & Electrify—LEDs, VSDs, heat pumps, smart platforms; (4) Renewables—on/off-site, PPAs/vPPAs and storage; (5) Offsets last—use sparingly to avoid greenwashing and rising costs.

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