In medical peer review, physicians and advanced practice professionals (APPs) evaluate the quality of their colleagues’ work for both punitive and non-punitive review to meet or exceed prevailing standards of care and to self-improve. Under value-based payment models, reimbursement is tied to value, amplifying peer review’s importance. But how did we arrive at today’s model of medical peer review, and how does it work? What is medical peer review? In medical peer review, also called clinical peer review, physicians and APPs professionally assess the work performance of “like” practitioners—those with the same or similar education, training, experience, and skill sets.

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