Machine identities now outnumber human ones, creating major security challenges as they rely on secrets like API keys, certificates, and credentials. Risks include secrets sprawl, poor visibility, and inconsistent controls across cloud, DevOps, automation, COTS apps, RPA bots, homegrown apps, and mainframes. Each identity type has unique vulnerabilities, such as hard-coded credentials, static access, or unmanaged privileges. A centralized, automated secrets management program with dynamic rotation, just-in-time access, and policy enforcement reduces exposure, supports compliance, and ensures scalability across hybrid and multi-cloud environments while enabling developer velocity.

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