Cloud adoption expands attack surfaces, with 70% of organizations experiencing incidents last year, often from identity misconfigurations, hardcoded credentials, and exposed consoles. Real-world breaches show attackers exploiting over-permissioned roles, leaked GitHub keys, and unsecured Kubernetes dashboards to steal data, mine crypto, and damage reputations. To counter these threats, 11 safeguards are recommended: gain visibility into permissions, rotate credentials, enforce MFA, federate and JIT access, eliminate hardcoded secrets, apply least privilege, conduct access reviews, educate users, run red team exercises, and maintain audits. These steps reduce risk and strengthen cloud identity security.

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