RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The minimally effective dose of sucrose for procedural pain relief in neonates: a randomized controlled trial Bonnie Stevens 1* , Janet Yamada 2 , Marsha Campbell-Yeo 3 , Sharyn Gibbins 4 , Denise Harrison 5 , Kimberley Dionne 6 , Anna Taddio 7 , Carol McNair 8 , Andrew Willan 9 , Marilyn Ballantyne 10 , Kimberley Widger 11 , Souraya Sidani 12 , Carole Estabrooks 13 , Anne Synnes 14 , Janet Squires 15 , Charles Victor 16 and Shirine Riahi 17 Abstract Background: Orally administered sucrose is effective and safe in reducing pain intensity during single, tissue- damaging procedures in neonates, and is commonly recommended in neonatal pain guidelines. However, there is wide variability in sucrose doses examined in research, and more than a 20-fold variation across

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