The Process A Refinery’s delayed coking unit is not new technology, but is the most common process to upgrade the residual hydrocarbons remaining after upstream processing to remove water and soluble salts in the crude desalter; production of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and atmospheric reduced crude through atmospheric distillation; and the production of heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) during vacuum distillation. The vacuum reduced crude remaining after these three stages becomes the principal feedstock for the next process stage – delayed coking. The residual liquid product is pumped into the bottom of a fractionation column where it mixes with recycle vapors to become preheated. The mixture then enters a tube furnace and heats to approximately 900°F (480°C) outlet temperature. As the product

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