Case Study: Police Athletic League of New York City In 1914, motivated by his concern over poor children living in congested tenements in New York City (NYC), Police Commissioner Arthur Woods organized citywide vacant lots to be used as playgrounds. The efforts of Woods, combined with various similarly dedicated NYC officers and stakeholders in later years, culminated in what is now NYC’s largest independent youth development nonprofit organization: The Police Athletic League (PAL). PAL of NYC, which is funded by a combination of private donations and public funding sources, follows a youth development philosophy “grounded in the belief that young people’s individual strengths and capabilities can guide them to mature, productive adulthoods with [PAL’s] encouragement and commitm

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