Situation Pump Modifications Reduce System Performance A South American copper mine uses seven vertical-turbine pumps to move refino, an acid used in the extraction process. In the operation, the pumps move the refino up a nearly 600-meter mountain to the copper ore aggregate distribution nozzles. After hiring a local pump shop to modify the pumps, their performance faltered. Operators saw flow reductions of more than 20 percent, w

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