Overview of Realtime Streaming ProtocolsIntroduction 3 Communication Paradigms 5 Request-Response Protocols 8 HTTP 1.1 9 Persistent Connections 10 Pipelining 11 Long Polling 12 HTTP Streaming 13 WebSocket 14 Piggybacking on HTTP 1.1 16 BOSH – or XMPP over HTTP 16 HTTP for constrained environments 17 CoAP 17 HTTP/2 20 Publish/Subscribe Protocols 21 MQTT 22 XMPP PubSub 23 WebSub 24 Conclusions 24 Table of Contents3 It is no exaggeration to say that the World Wide Web has now become the universal computing platform, used for every form of data-driven interaction between humans, humans and machines and between machines. These diverse interactions are based on a few ke

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