Inhibition of sweet chemosensory receptors alters insulin responses during glucose ingestion in healthy adults: a randomized crossover interventional study 1,2 Elnaz Karimian Azari, 3,6 Kathleen R Smith, 3,6 Fanchao Yi, 4 Timothy F Osborne, 3 Roberto Bizzotto, 5 Andrea Mari, 5 Richard E Pratley, 3,4 and George A Kyriazis 3,4 * 3 Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL; 4 Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL; and 5 Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy ABSTRACT Background: Glucose is a natural ligand for sweet taste receptors (STRs) that are expressed on the tongue and in the gastrointestinal tract. Whether STRs directly contribute to the regu

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