Introduction Accelerating paces of digital business and technology innovations have created massive amounts of data that require continual integration. Ninety percent of the world’s data has been created in the past two years 1 . Examples of new data include cloud, mobile, social media, and IoT data. With diverse formats, sources, and locations, these data have created many challenges. Many organizations have adopted hybrid and multi-cloud strategies to manage data proliferation, gain flexibility, reduce costs, and increase capacities. The cloud storage and data warehouses— such as Azure, Google, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Snowflake—particularly have gained enterprise acceptance. Meanwhile, organizations still need to maintain and integrate their mainframes and other

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