GROUND FREEZING Gibson County Coal Mine North Portal No. 2 Princeton, Indiana Ground freezing for mine shaft sinking in the United States dates back to 1888 when the technique was first used at the Chapin Mine Co. in Iron Mountain, Missouri. Nowadays, ground freezing is used worldwide for both mining and civil applications. In fact, for deep mines, no better method has yet been established for sinking production shafts through deep, water-bearin

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