Flow Direction and Leak Detection Monitoring of Natural Gas The gas transport pipeline system in western Germany is designed as a two- strand loop pipeline system. Both pipelines are connected to each other at regular intervals. To ensure the pipeline's availability as well as safety in the transport network, valves are installed in the pipeline segments, isolating possible leakages. If the pipeline is severely damaged, the gas flows towards the leakage and consequently changes the flow direction. Previously installed impellers, attached to insertable lances, were used as flow direction indicators. However, these impellers proved to be prone to failures and had to be serviced or replaced frequently. As of these issues, the pipeline operator gradually replaced the flow direction indicators

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