Flow and Thermal Energy Measurement in Pharmaceutical Production The production facilities and research and development labs of a global pharmaceuticals company have launched a program that provides several measures to reduce energy consumption (and thus CO 2 emissions) by optimising production processes. The first step in an effective plan to reduce CO 2 is to establish procedures for systematic recording of energy consumption. With 90 buildings in an area of 36 hectares, the french site of the company forms a complex and extensive infrastructure network. Demineralised water and hot water are among the process media provided in a central system. In order to be able to measure their consumption by individual production units, the plant engineers decided to fit measuring points with clamp

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