Cost-effectiveness of risk-stratified screening for breast cancer Background In the United Kingdom (UK), women aged 50 to 69 years are invited for mammography screening for breast cancer every 3 years. However, the risk of developing breast cancer varies among individuals, and this age-based, “one- size-fits-all” screening approach does not take into account the variation in individual risk. Several recent studies have reported that tailoring screening to an individual’s risk level could improve the efficiency of the screening program and reduce adverse consequences. While screening reduces deaths from cancer, overdiagnosis and overtreatment can also occur. Among other things, genetic factors affect a person’s risk for breast cancer. As of 2018, genome-wide association (GWAS) s

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