The challenge: Six hours of fully-electric propulsion Low-emission reliable ferry operation means that Keolis wanted the ferry boats’ battery systems to store enough energy for six hours of fully-electric propulsion every day (three hours in the morning and three hours in the evening) as well as supplying auxiliary loads such as lighting and communications. Since Bordeaux is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is vital that public transport has minimal impact, minimising CO2 and NOx emissions and noise as well as keeping operating costs down by reducing fuel costs. Diesel-electric ferries give quiet and low-emission operation as well as saving fuel costs for Keolis. Keolis, France’s largest private sector transportation group, has run the transport system for the city of Bordeaux in so

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