Building Automation Systems (BAS) are increasingly targeted by cyberattacks because they connect critical building functions—HVAC, lighting, access control, and energy systems—to IP networks, often without the security controls typical of enterprise IT. Many BAS environments rely on legacy protocols, default credentials, weak authentication, or unpatched devices, creating entry points attackers can exploit to access broader corporate networks, disrupt operations, or manipulate building conditions. As smart buildings expand IoT connectivity and remote management, the attack surface grows, making IT/OT convergence a key risk area. Effective protection requires network segmentation, strong access controls, regular patching, device hardening, continuous monitoring, and alignment between facili

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