IoT security focuses on protecting connected devices, networks, and data from cyber threats as the number and attack surface of IoT systems grow rapidly. Common risks include weak authentication, unpatched firmware, insecure communications, and limited device visibility, which attackers exploit for malware, botnets, data theft, or lateral network access. Effective IoT security requires a layered approach: strong device identity and access controls, encryption, network segmentation or zero-trust architectures, continuous monitoring, and automated threat detection and response. Because many IoT devices lack built-in protections, organizations must also manage lifecycle security—secure onboarding, regular updates, vulnerability management, and decommissioning. By combining visibility, behavio

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