Decarbonizing existing buildings by 2030 is essential for meeting Europe’s tightened energy regulations, including the EU’s revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), which mandates rising minimum performance standards and penalizes inefficient properties. To comply and cut carbon emissions, owners should pursue deep retrofit strategies such as upgrading insulation and building envelopes to reduce heating/cooling loads, modernizing HVAC equipment with smart controls, electrifying heating with heat pumps, adding on-site renewables like solar PV, and deploying smart energy management systems for real-time monitoring. These measures not only help meet regulatory thresholds but also lower energy costs, enhance asset value, and appeal to ESG-focused tenants. Real-world examples s

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